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E-CAM-S: Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score

2022

An automated 0-1 research estimate of delirium and encephalopathy severity derived from quantitative frontal EEG. It is a development-stage physiological model rather than a routine bedside form.

At a glance

Purpose
Measurement of delirium severity
Population
Adults undergoing clinical EEG for altered mental status
Setting
General / acute hospital, Intensive care
Time
20-60 min routine EEG or a 1-hour long-term-monitoring segment, plus automated processing
Score or threshold
No clinical diagnostic threshold

Format: The research pipeline used four frontal bipolar channels, 298 time- and frequency-domain features and four across-epoch summaries, then fitted a LASSO-penalised ordinal learning-to-rank model against CAM-S 0-7 values.

Primary validation papers

0 identified diagnostic-accuracy papers

Other forms of validation are described in the evidence section. What is counted?

Large-scale clinical implementation

Not yet reviewed.

A focused implementation review has not yet been completed for this profile.

Training and instructions

Public training resources have not yet been confirmed in this review. Check the linked developer or original source for instructions.

Start here

Tool and original sources

This record describes a method rather than a downloadable bedside form. The main source is linked below.

Open project website ↗ Read the full paper ↗

Original paper

  • Principal sourcevan Sleuwen M, Sun H, Eckhardt C, Neelagiri A, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, et al. Physiological Assessment of Delirium Severity: The Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score (E-CAM-S). Critical care medicine. 2022;50(1):e11-e19. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005224. PMID: 34582420.

    This is the principal published source for E-CAM-S itself. It is the main source for the method, its intended use and the evidence available at publication.

    Open PubMed ↗
No eligible DTA study identifiedEmerging context
Classification

Classification

Measurement of delirium severityDetailed phenomenological and/or neuropsychological assessmentUse in intensive care units

A tool may belong to more than one category. Select a linked category to see other relevant profiles.

Evidence

Diagnostic-accuracy evidenceNo eligible DTA study identified

Reported sensitivity and specificity

not applicable
Sensitivity
not applicable
Specificity

Correlation with CAM-S was 0.68 in the full cohort and 0.52 after excluding coma; AUC for non-delirious versus delirious was 0.70.

More evidence and citation details
Full name
Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score
Related profiles
CAM-S, VE-CAM-S
Evidence summary
derivation-and-internal-cross-validation
Citation
van Sleuwen M, Sun H, Eckhardt C, et al. Physiological Assessment of Delirium Severity: The Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score (E-CAM-S) Critical Care Medicine. 2022;50(1):e11-e19. PMID 34582420
Download RIS ↗ Download BibTeX ↗

Primary validation studies

Distinct primary publications from the current diagnostic-accuracy audit. Reviews and repeated evaluations within one paper are not counted again. Overlapping cohorts have not all been reconciled. Read the counting rules and limitations.

No eligible diagnostic-accuracy paper is currently included in this audit. This does not mean the tool has never been validated. The source paper and other evidence on this profile may concern severity, reliability or another measurement purpose.

Copyright and reuse
Version
E-CAM-S research model and BDSP project v1.0; source model published 2022
Information checked
2026-07-19

Instrument-specific terms apply. See the access and copyright policy or send a correction.

Base clinical review: 2026-07-29. Instrument description source check: 2026-09-05. Scope and limitations.