SOS-PD: Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms – Paediatric Delirium
2018A PICU nurse-observation checklist combining paediatric-delirium and iatrogenic-withdrawal monitoring on one form. The delirium component is scored after a four-hour observation period and should not be confused with the overlapping withdrawal component.
Classification
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Tool and original sources
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Original and selected diagnostic-accuracy papers
- Original paperIsta E, van Beusekom B, van Rosmalen J, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, Brouwers A, et al. Validation of the SOS-PD scale for assessment of pediatric delirium: a multicenter study. Critical care (London, England). 2018;22(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2238-z. PMID: 30458826.
This paper reports the original validation of SOS-PD. It reported sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 96.5% against an independent DSM-IV clinical assessment.
Article PDF: CC BY. This licence applies to the article PDF and does not grant rights to reproduce the tool.
- Selected diagnostic-accuracy studyIsta E, Te Beest H, van Rosmalen J, de Hoog M, Tibboel D, van Beusekom B, et al. Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms-Paediatric Delirium scale: A tool for early screening of delirium in the PICU. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses. 2018;31(5):266-273. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2017.07.006. PMID: 28843537.
This diagnostic-accuracy study evaluated SOS-PD in paediatric ICU against an independent DSM-IV clinical assessment. It reported sensitivity of 96.8% and specificity of 92% in 63 paired diagnoses/assessments in 14 critically ill children.
- Selected diagnostic-accuracy studyStenkjaer RL, Egerod I, Moszkowicz M, Ista E, Greisen G, Weis J, et al. Prospective validation of Sophia observation withdrawal symptoms: A paediatric delirium scale in critically ill children in Denmark. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses. 2024;37(3):400-406. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.04.001. PMID: 37164889.
This diagnostic-accuracy study evaluated SOS-PD in danish paediatric ICU against an independent DSM-5 clinical assessment. It reported sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 96.4% in 141 critically ill children; 30 delirium cases.
At a glance
- Purpose
- Episodic assessment
- Population
- Paediatric
- Setting
- Intensive care
- Time
- brief end-of-shift rating, commonly reported as 2-5 min; formal timing was not reported in the primary study
- Items
- 22
- Score or threshold
- Paediatric-delirium component 0-17; positive at 4 or more
Format: The combined nurse checklist contains 22 unique lines shared across paediatric-delirium and iatrogenic-withdrawal assessment. The delirium component uses 17 symptom ratings over the preceding four hours and a parent-perspective trigger; hallucination or parent non-recognition reaches the positive threshold.
Evidence
Reported sensitivity and specificity
Original/source study · 2018 — pmid:30458826
- Denominator
- Reported source unit: 485 (analysis unit not fully reconciled)
- Reference standard
- Child psychiatrist DSM-IV clinical examination with collateral and chart review
Multicentre validation in 485 critically ill children.
More evidence and citation details
- Full name
- Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms – Paediatric Delirium
- Also known as
- SOS-PD, Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms Paediatric Delirium
- Evidence summary
- multi
- Diagnostic-accuracy studies
- 4
- Reference standard
- Blinded child-psychiatrist DSM-IV assessment
- Citation
- Ista E, van Beusekom B, van Rosmalen J, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, Brouwers A, Dieleman GC, Dierckx B, de Hoog M, Tibboel D, van Dijk M Validation of the SOS-PD scale for assessment of pediatric delirium: a multicenter study Critical care (London, England). 2018;22(1):309. PMID 30458826
Copyright and reuse
- Version
- English SOS-PD final version hosted by the developer resource
- Information checked
- 2026-07-19
Instrument-specific terms apply. See the access and copyright policy or send a correction.
Sources checked 2026-07-29. How profiles are prepared.