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RCDS: Recoverable Cognitive Dysfunction

2006

Recoverable cognitive dysfunction describes an admission MMSE score that improves by at least three points by discharge. It is a research measure of cognitive change during illness, not a separate delirium diagnostic tool.

At a glance

Purpose
Domain-specific or adjunctive measure
Population
Adult
Setting
General / acute hospital
Time
variable

Format: The measure is based on change between admission and discharge MMSE assessments. It does not have a separate delirium questionnaire or an independent set of items.

Primary validation papers

0 identified diagnostic-accuracy papers

Other forms of validation are described in the evidence section. What is counted?

Large-scale clinical implementation

Not yet reviewed.

A focused implementation review has not yet been completed for this profile.

Training and instructions

Public training resources have not yet been confirmed in this review. Check the linked developer or original source for instructions.

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Tool and original sources

This record describes a method rather than a downloadable bedside form. The main source is linked below.

NIDUS information cards ↗

Original paper

  • Original paperInouye SK, Zhang Y, Han L, Leo-Summers L, Jones R, Marcantonio E. Recoverable cognitive dysfunction at hospital admission in older persons during acute illness. Journal of general internal medicine. 2006;21(12):1276-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00613.x. PMID: 16965558.

    This is the original published source for RCDS. It is the main source for the method, its intended use and the evidence available at publication.

    Open PubMed ↗
No eligible DTA study identifiedRelated context
Classification

Classification

Domain-specific or adjunctive measureCognitive tests designed for deliriumDetailed phenomenological and/or neuropsychological assessment

A tool may belong to more than one category. Select a linked category to see other relevant profiles.

Evidence

Diagnostic-accuracy evidenceNo eligible DTA study identified

Reported sensitivity and specificity

;
Sensitivity
;
Specificity

Concept/measure of reversible impairment; occurred in 39% of older inpatients; independently predicted 1-year mortality.

More evidence and citation details
Full name
Recoverable Cognitive Dysfunction
Also known as
RCDS, Recoverable Cognitive Dysfunction Scale, RCD
Evidence summary
single
Citation
Inouye SK, Zhang Y, Han L, Leo-Summers L, Jones R, Marcantonio E. Recoverable cognitive dysfunction at hospital admission in older persons during acute illness. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(12):1276-81. PMID 16965558
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Primary validation studies

Distinct primary publications from the current diagnostic-accuracy audit. Reviews and repeated evaluations within one paper are not counted again. Overlapping cohorts have not all been reconciled. Read the counting rules and limitations.

No eligible diagnostic-accuracy paper is currently included in this audit. This does not mean the tool has never been validated. The source paper and other evidence on this profile may concern severity, reliability or another measurement purpose.

Copyright and reuse
Information checked
2026-07-19

Instrument-specific terms apply. See the access and copyright policy or send a correction.

Base clinical review: 2026-07-29. Instrument description source check: 2026-09-05. Scope and limitations.